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Weld Inspection and Defects Flashcards

7 cards from real Certified Welder practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which AWS standard governs visual inspection and acceptance criteria for structural steel welding?

    Answer: AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code — Steel

    AWS D1.1 is the primary structural welding code for steel that establishes inspection methods, acceptance criteria, and welder qualification requirements.

  2. A weld showing a high-low (hi-lo) condition at the root of a pipe butt weld is an example of:

    Answer: Mismatch or joint misalignment

    High-low (hi-lo) refers to mismatch where one pipe wall is radially offset from the other at the joint, causing uneven root land alignment.

  3. Tungsten inclusions in GTAW welds appear on a radiograph as:

    Answer: Bright (light) irregularly shaped spots

    Tungsten is denser than steel, so tungsten inclusions appear as bright (high-density) spots on a radiograph because they absorb more radiation than surrounding weld metal.

  4. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of a weld is most susceptible to which type of defect?

    Answer: Hydrogen-induced cracking and grain coarsening

    The HAZ is susceptible to hydrogen-induced cracking (especially in hardenable steels) and grain coarsening in the region closest to the fusion line.

  5. What is the purpose of a nick-break test on a weld?

    Answer: To expose the interior of the weld for visual examination of internal discontinuities

    The nick-break test fractures a notched weld specimen to expose the interior weld metal so porosity, slag, and lack of fusion can be visually evaluated.

  6. Crater cracks in a weld are best prevented by:

    Answer: Using a run-off tab or backfilling the crater before breaking the arc

    Crater cracks form when the arc is suddenly broken, leaving a shrinkage cavity; using run-off tabs or backfilling the crater before extinguishing the arc prevents them.

  7. Spatter around a weld bead is considered:

    Answer: A cosmetic discontinuity that may or may not be acceptable depending on the applicable code

    Spatter acceptability depends on the applicable code; some codes allow spatter that does not interfere with inspection or service, while others require removal.