Weld Inspection and Defects Flashcards
7 cards from real Certified Welder practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Weld Inspection and Defects flashcards as text
Which type of weld crack forms at elevated temperatures during or immediately after solidification of the weld pool?
Answer: Hot crack (solidification crack)
Hot cracks, also called solidification cracks, form in the weld metal while it is still at high temperature and the grain boundaries contain liquid films.
In ultrasonic testing of welds, the decibel (dB) gain control is used to:
Answer: Amplify the received signal to compare indications against a reference level
The dB gain control amplifies echo signals so inspectors can compare discontinuity echoes against calibration reflectors at a standard reference level.
Porosity that is distributed uniformly throughout the entire weld is called:
Answer: Scattered (uniformly distributed) porosity
Uniformly distributed (scattered) porosity is spread evenly throughout the weld and typically results from consistently contaminated base metal, filler, or shielding.
Which factor most increases susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) in carbon steel welds?
Answer: High carbon equivalent, high hydrogen, and high restraint
HIC risk increases with higher carbon equivalent (harder HAZ), higher diffusible hydrogen levels, and higher joint restraint that increases residual stress.
A weld profile showing excessive convexity is problematic primarily because it:
Answer: Creates stress concentration at the weld toes that can initiate fatigue cracks
An excessively convex weld bead creates sharp toes with high stress concentration, increasing the risk of fatigue crack initiation under cyclic loading.
During visual inspection, overlap (cold lap) on a fillet weld appears as:
Answer: Weld metal rolled beyond the weld toe onto the base metal without fusion
Overlap (cold lap) occurs when molten weld metal flows over the base metal surface but does not fuse to it, leaving an unfused flap at the weld toe.
When performing a visual inspection, what tool is used to measure the actual throat of a fillet weld?
Answer: Fillet weld gauge (bridge cam gauge)
A fillet weld gauge (bridge cam gauge) is specifically designed to measure fillet weld leg size and actual throat dimensions quickly during visual inspection.