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Base and Filler Metals Flashcards

7 cards from real Certified Welder practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Base and Filler Metals flashcards as text

  1. Cast iron is generally considered difficult to weld primarily because of which property?

    Answer: High carbon content making it brittle and prone to cracking

    Cast iron contains 2–4% carbon, and rapid cooling causes hard, brittle martensite and white iron zones that crack easily.

  2. Which shielding gas combination is commonly used with ER70S-6 wire in GMAW to provide good penetration and reduce spatter?

    Answer: 75% Ar / 25% CO2

    75/25 Ar/CO2 (C25) provides a stable arc with good penetration and lower spatter than 100% CO2.

  3. What is the primary reason low-hydrogen electrodes (e.g., E7018) must be stored in a rod oven?

    Answer: To prevent moisture absorption that would introduce hydrogen into the weld and cause cracking

    Moisture in the coating breaks down during welding, releasing hydrogen that diffuses into the weld and causes hydrogen-induced cracking.

  4. When welding 6061-T6 aluminum, which filler wire is most commonly recommended?

    Answer: ER4043

    ER4043 (Al-Si alloy) is the most widely used filler for 6xxx series aluminum, providing good flow and crack resistance.

  5. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of a weld is defined as which region?

    Answer: The area of base metal that did not melt but whose microstructure was altered by welding heat

    The HAZ is the portion of the base metal adjacent to the weld that experienced heat sufficient to alter its microstructure without melting.

  6. Precipitation-hardening (PH) stainless steels such as 17-4 PH require which special post-weld treatment?

    Answer: Aging heat treatment to restore strength after welding

    Welding overages PH stainless; aging heat treatment re-precipitates the strengthening phases to restore mechanical properties.

  7. Which test is most commonly used to determine the carbon equivalent (CE) of a base metal for weldability assessment?

    Answer: Chemical composition analysis (spectrographic or mill cert review) used in the CE formula

    CE is calculated from the chemical composition (C, Mn, Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu) obtained from the mill certificate or direct analysis.