Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
7 cards from real Certified Surgical Technologist practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Anatomy and Physiology flashcards as text
The lymphatic drainage of the breast primarily flows to which group of lymph nodes?
Answer: Axillary lymph nodes
Approximately 75% of breast lymphatic drainage flows to the axillary lymph nodes, which is why they are assessed and often dissected during breast cancer surgery.
The Circle of Willis provides collateral cerebral circulation. Which vessel is NOT a component of the Circle of Willis?
Answer: Middle cerebral artery
The middle cerebral artery branches off the internal carotid but is not part of the Circle of Willis itself, which includes the communicating arteries and their connecting vessels.
Which structure is the landmark for the femoral triangle and lies between the femoral artery and the femoral canal?
Answer: Femoral vein
In the femoral triangle, the arrangement from lateral to medial is: femoral Nerve, femoral Artery, femoral Vein, empty space/canal (NAVY).
The rotator cuff is composed of four muscles. Which rotator cuff muscle is most commonly torn?
Answer: Supraspinatus
The supraspinatus tendon is the most commonly torn rotator cuff muscle because it passes through the narrow subacromial space and is subject to impingement.
During a thyroidectomy, the recurrent laryngeal nerve must be identified. Damage to this nerve results in:
Answer: Hoarseness or voice changes
The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid; injury causes hoarseness, and bilateral injury can cause airway obstruction.
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for producing new keratinocytes through mitosis?
Answer: Stratum basale
The stratum basale (basal layer) is the deepest epidermal layer containing mitotically active keratinocytes that continuously replenish the epidermis.
The portal triad found in the liver consists of which three structures?
Answer: Portal vein branch, hepatic artery branch, and bile ductule
Each portal triad contains a branch of the portal vein, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a bile ductule, all enclosed within connective tissue at the corners of hepatic lobules.