Hypothesis Testing Flashcards
7 cards from real Certified Six Sigma Black Belt Exam practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Hypothesis Testing flashcards as text
A Six Sigma team sets α = 0.05. If the p-value from their test is 0.03, what is the correct conclusion?
Answer: Reject H₀ because p < α
When the p-value is less than the significance level α, you reject the null hypothesis.
Which type of error occurs when you reject a true null hypothesis?
Answer: Type I error
A Type I error (false positive) is rejecting H₀ when it is actually true, and its probability equals α.
A Black Belt wants to compare the means of three process lines simultaneously. Which test is most appropriate?
Answer: One-way ANOVA
One-way ANOVA is used to compare means across three or more groups simultaneously while controlling Type I error.
Beta (β) in hypothesis testing represents which of the following?
Answer: Probability of a Type II error
Beta (β) is the probability of a Type II error — failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
A process engineer tests whether a new supplier's material hardness (continuous, normal) differs from a target of 60 HRC. Which test should be used?
Answer: One-sample t-test
A one-sample t-test compares a sample mean to a known or specified target value.
When the sample data is not normally distributed and the sample size is small, which non-parametric test replaces the one-sample t-test?
Answer: Wilcoxon signed-rank test
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is the non-parametric alternative to the one-sample (or paired) t-test.
Increasing sample size in a hypothesis test primarily affects which of the following?
Answer: Statistical power
Larger sample sizes increase statistical power by reducing the standard error, making it easier to detect true effects.