Business Environment & Concepts Flashcards

Which financial metric measures a company's ability to meet short-term obligations using its most liquid assets?

Answer: Quick ratio

The quick ratio (acid-test ratio) excludes inventory and prepaid expenses, measuring liquidity using only the most liquid assets.

In the context of corporate governance, what is the primary responsibility of a company's audit committee?

Answer: Overseeing financial reporting and internal controls

The audit committee is responsible for overseeing the financial reporting process, internal controls, and the external audit function.

Which economic concept describes a situation where a market fails to produce an efficient outcome due to external costs or benefits?

Answer: Market externality

Market externalities occur when the production or consumption of a good imposes costs or benefits on parties outside the transaction, leading to market inefficiency.

Under the COSO framework, which component of internal control involves management's philosophy and operating style?

Answer: Control environment

The control environment, which includes management's philosophy and operating style, sets the tone at the top and is the foundation of the COSO framework.

What is the primary purpose of a company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC)?

Answer: To evaluate investment projects as the discount rate

WACC represents the average rate a company must earn on its investments to satisfy all capital providers, and is used as the discount rate to evaluate capital projects.

In a supply chain context, which strategy involves holding minimum inventory and relying on frequent supplier deliveries?

Answer: Just-in-time inventory

Just-in-time (JIT) inventory management minimizes holding costs by scheduling deliveries to arrive exactly when needed for production or sale.