Certified Gastroenterology RN GI Anatomy and Pathophysiology 3

Question 1

GERD results primarily from dysfunction of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Lower esophageal sphincter

Answer

An incompetent lower esophageal sphincter allows acid reflux into the esophagus.

Question 2

Barrett's esophagus is characterized by which cellular change?

Accepted Answer

Squamous to columnar metaplasia

Answer

Chronic reflux causes normal squamous epithelium to become columnar (intestinal) metaplasia, raising cancer risk.

Question 3

The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

H. pylori and NSAID use are the leading causes of peptic ulcers.

Question 4

A gastric ulcer typically causes pain that:

Accepted Answer

Worsens with eating

Answer

Gastric ulcer pain classically worsens with food, unlike duodenal ulcers which often improve.

Question 5

Which condition involves transmural inflammation with skip lesions anywhere from mouth to anus?

Accepted Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Crohn's disease causes patchy, full-thickness (transmural) inflammation with skip lesions.

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