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Ethereum Flashcards

7 cards from real CBCP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is 'MEV' (Maximal Extractable Value) in the context of Ethereum?

    Answer: Profit validators or block proposers can earn by reordering, inserting, or censoring transactions within a block

    MEV arises because block proposers control transaction ordering, enabling strategies like sandwich attacks, arbitrage, and liquidations.

  2. Which Ethereum token standard introduces a 'hook' mechanism allowing contracts to react when they receive tokens?

    Answer: ERC-777

    ERC-777 adds tokensReceived and tokensToSend hooks called on sender/receiver contracts, enabling richer composability.

  3. What is the 'Beacon Chain' withdrawal credential type '0x01' used for?

    Answer: Linking a validator's withdrawal address to a specific Ethereum execution layer (0x01) address for ETH withdrawals

    0x01 withdrawal credentials specify an Ethereum execution address, enabling Shanghai-era partial and full withdrawals.

  4. In Ethereum's account abstraction roadmap, what does EIP-4337 enable without requiring consensus-layer changes?

    Answer: Smart contract wallets that can initiate transactions using a separate mempool and bundler infrastructure

    EIP-4337 achieves account abstraction via UserOperations, a dedicated alt-mempool, and bundler nodes — no hard fork needed.

  5. What does the Ethereum state transition function's 'intrinsic gas' component cover?

    Answer: A base cost charged before execution for transaction size, zero/non-zero bytes, and access list entries

    Intrinsic gas (minimum 21,000 for a simple transfer) is deducted upfront and accounts for calldata bytes and access list overhead.

  6. Which Ethereum consensus mechanism property ensures that once a block is finalized, it cannot be reverted without destroying at least 1/3 of all staked ETH?

    Answer: Accountable safety via Casper FFG slashing conditions

    Casper FFG's slashing conditions make equivocating (voting for two conflicting finalized checkpoints) economically catastrophic.

  7. What is the primary purpose of Ethereum's 'Verkle Tree' upgrade planned post-Cancun?

    Answer: Replace Merkle Patricia Tries with smaller witnesses to enable stateless clients and reduce node storage requirements

    Verkle Trees produce compact proofs (witnesses) so nodes can verify blocks without storing the full state, enabling stateless Ethereum.