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Blockchain Fundamental Flashcards

7 cards from real CBCP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is the primary function of a cryptographic hash function in a blockchain?

    Answer: To produce a fixed-size digest that uniquely represents input data

    A cryptographic hash function takes arbitrary input and produces a fixed-length output (digest) that is deterministic, one-way, and collision-resistant.

  2. In a Proof of Work blockchain, what is the 'nonce'?

    Answer: An arbitrary number miners adjust to find a valid block hash

    Miners repeatedly increment the nonce until the resulting block hash meets the network's difficulty target (e.g., starts with a required number of zeros).

  3. What characteristic makes blockchain data structures suitable for auditability?

    Answer: The append-only, hash-linked structure provides a tamper-evident record

    Because each block's hash includes data from all previous blocks, any modification to historical records is immediately detectable by any participant.

  4. Which type of blockchain network restricts participation to a set of pre-approved organizations?

    Answer: Consortium (federated) blockchain

    A consortium blockchain is governed by a group of organizations, limiting read and write access to vetted participants rather than the general public.

  5. What is the significance of 'block time' in a blockchain network?

    Answer: The average interval between successive block additions to the chain

    Block time determines how quickly transactions are finalized; shorter block times increase throughput but may raise the orphan rate.

  6. What happens to a blockchain transaction that is included in an 'orphaned block'?

    Answer: It is discarded along with the orphaned block and must be rebroadcast

    When two miners solve a block simultaneously, only one chain branch survives; transactions in the discarded (orphaned) block return to the mempool.

  7. Which consensus mechanism relies on validators putting up cryptocurrency as collateral that can be 'slashed' for dishonest behavior?

    Answer: Proof of Stake

    In Proof of Stake, validators lock (stake) cryptocurrency as collateral, and slashing — losing a portion of that stake — deters malicious behavior.