Pruning Flashcards
9 cards from real Certified Arborist Test practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 9 Pruning flashcards as text
What is the primary purpose of pruning young trees?
Answer: Establish proper structure
The primary purpose of pruning young trees, often called structural pruning, is to establish a strong, well-formed framework that will support the tree throughout its life. This involves removing weak branches, correcting poor branch angles, and establishing a dominant central leader, which helps prevent future structural defects and reduces the risk of limb failure.
What is the correct pruning cut when removing a branch?
Answer: Just outside the branch collar
When removing a branch, the correct pruning cut is made just outside the branch collar, which is the swollen area of tissue at the base of the branch where it attaches to the trunk or a larger limb. This allows the tree to form a proper callus and compartmentalize the wound effectively, promoting faster healing and minimizing the entry point for pests and diseases. Cutting flush with the trunk removes the collar and inhibits proper wound closure.
Which type of pruning removes large limbs for risk reduction?
Answer: Reduction
Reduction pruning involves selectively shortening branches to reduce the overall size or spread of the tree's crown, often to mitigate risks associated with large, overhanging limbs or to clear obstacles. Unlike detrimental topping, reduction pruning maintains the tree's natural form and structure by cutting back to a lateral branch that is at least one-third the diameter of the removed portion.
When is the best time to prune most deciduous trees?
Answer: Late winter
The best time to prune most deciduous trees is in late winter, when they are dormant and before new growth begins. The absence of leaves allows for clear visibility of the tree's structure, and the tree is less susceptible to stress and disease transmission during dormancy. Pruning at this time also minimizes sap bleeding and allows the tree to quickly compartmentalize wounds as spring growth commences.
What is the term for removing lower branches to clear space?
Answer: Crown raising
Crown raising, also known as lifting, involves removing lower branches from a tree's crown to provide clearance for pedestrians, vehicles, or structures. This practice helps improve visibility and access beneath the tree while maintaining its overall health and structure. It is distinct from other pruning methods like topping, crown cleaning, or thinning, which serve different objectives.
Why is tree topping discouraged?
Answer: Causes weak and hazardous regrowth
Tree topping is highly discouraged because it involves indiscriminately cutting large branches back to stubs, which severely stresses the tree. This practice leads to the rapid growth of numerous weak, poorly attached shoots (epicormic sprouts) that are prone to breaking, creating a hazardous tree. Topping also depletes the tree's energy reserves, making it more susceptible to pests, diseases, and decay.
What tool is best for cutting branches over 2 inches in diameter?
Answer: Pruning saw
For branches over 2 inches in diameter, a pruning saw is the most appropriate tool due to its design with larger, sharper teeth. It allows for efficient and clean cuts on thicker wood, minimizing damage to the tree and promoting proper wound closure. Hand pruners and loppers are suitable for smaller branches, while a pole pruner is for high branches that are still relatively small.
What is the result of over-pruning a tree?
Answer: Stress and decay risk
Over-pruning, especially removing too much live foliage, severely stresses a tree by reducing its ability to photosynthesize and produce energy. This stress can lead to weakened defenses, making the tree more vulnerable to pests, diseases, and decay. Excessive pruning can also result in sunscald on exposed bark and the development of weak, vigorous sprouts.
Which of the following is NOT a recommended pruning practice?
Answer: Make stub cuts
Making stub cuts is not a recommended pruning practice because it leaves a portion of the branch beyond the branch collar, which cannot properly compartmentalize and heal. This creates an entry point for decay organisms and can lead to dieback of the stub. Proper pruning involves cutting just outside the branch collar, using sharp tools, and removing dead or diseased limbs to promote tree health.