Ecosystem Restoration Flashcards

A CEP must evaluate whether a stream relocation project will result in 'no net loss' of wetland functions. Which analytical approach best supports this determination?

Answer: Functional assessment using HGM or similar method at reference, impact, and compensation sites

Functional assessment methods quantitatively compare wetland functions at impacted and compensatory sites, which is the accepted methodology for demonstrating no net loss under Section 404.

In forested wetland restoration, what is the main purpose of installing 'tree tubes' or grow tubes around planted saplings?

Answer: Preventing deer browse while accelerating early growth through the greenhouse effect

Tree tubes protect saplings from deer browse damage and create a microclimate that increases CO₂ concentration and humidity, significantly accelerating height growth.

The 'intermediate disturbance hypothesis' (IDH) suggests that species diversity is maximized when:

Answer: Disturbance frequency and intensity are at moderate levels

IDH proposes that moderate disturbance prevents dominance by competitive species while allowing colonizers to persist, thereby maximizing overall diversity.

Which restoration strategy is most appropriate for a severely degraded upland site where topsoil has been removed, leaving only subsoil with low organic matter?

Answer: Soil reconstruction using organic amendments and cover cropping before native planting

Severely degraded soils lacking organic matter and structure require soil reconstruction — adding compost, manure, or green manure crops — before native species can establish successfully.

What is 'ecoregion-based seed sourcing' and why is it important in restoration?

Answer: Collecting seeds only from plants within the same ecoregion to preserve local genetic adaptation

Ecoregion-based seed sourcing ensures that planted individuals are genetically adapted to local climate, soils, and biotic interactions, improving establishment success and long-term resilience.

When designing a restoration project in a fire-maintained ecosystem such as longleaf pine savanna, which management element is most critical for long-term success?

Answer: Incorporating a prescribed fire regime that mimics historical burn frequency and season

Longleaf pine savannas evolved with frequent low-intensity fire; without prescribed burns, hardwood midstory encroachment rapidly eliminates the open-canopy conditions these ecosystems require.

In coastal dune restoration, which planting technique is most effective for stabilizing newly deposited or shifting sand?

Answer: Installing a monoculture of American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) as a pioneer species

Ammophila breviligulata (American beachgrass) is a highly effective pioneer dune builder because it tolerates sand burial and produces rhizomes that trap and stabilize wind-blown sand.