CEN Pediatric Emergencies 3

Question 1

A 10-year-old with Type 1 diabetes presents with Kussmaul respirations, fruity breath, blood glucose of 480 mg/dL, and pH 7.18. What is the priority treatment?

Accepted Answer

IV fluid resuscitation with normal saline followed by insulin infusion

Answer

IV insulin bolus immediately

Answer

Sodium bicarbonate to correct acidosis

Answer

Subcutaneous insulin and oral fluids

Question 2

What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in pediatric patients?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory failure or shock leading to asystole

Answer

Primary ventricular fibrillation

Answer

Congenital heart disease

Answer

Electrolyte disturbances

Question 3

A 7-year-old is in anaphylaxis with urticaria, stridor, and hypotension. What is the priority intervention?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg IM (1:1000 solution) in the anterolateral thigh

Answer

IV diphenhydramine 1 mg/kg

Answer

Methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg IV

Answer

Inhaled albuterol via nebulizer

Question 4

Which size endotracheal tube is appropriate for a 5-year-old undergoing emergency intubation?

Accepted Answer

4.5–5.0 mm cuffed or uncuffed

Answer

3.0 mm uncuffed

Answer

6.0 mm cuffed

Answer

7.0 mm cuffed

Question 5

A 3-year-old presents with a temperature of 39.5°C, petechiae spreading rapidly, and altered mental status. What diagnosis requires immediate action?

Accepted Answer

Meningococcal septicemia

Answer

Viral exanthem

Answer

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer

Kawasaki disease

Question 6

Which intraosseous (IO) site is preferred in a child under 6 years of age requiring emergent vascular access?

Accepted Answer

Proximal tibia, 2 cm below the tibial tuberosity

Answer

Distal tibia

Answer

Femoral vein

Answer

External jugular vein