Pediatric and Obstetric Emergencies Flashcards

A 6-week-old infant presents with nonbilious projectile vomiting after every feeding. The infant is hungry after vomiting and has an olive-shaped mass palpable in the epigastrium. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Answer: Pyloric stenosis

Nonbilious projectile vomiting with a palpable olive-shaped mass in a 4–8 week old infant is classic for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

A 2-year-old presents with sudden onset of choking, coughing, and unilateral decreased breath sounds. Parents report the child was playing with small toys. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer: Foreign body aspiration

Sudden onset choking with unilateral decreased breath sounds in a toddler after playing with small objects strongly suggests foreign body aspiration.

Which formula is used to estimate the endotracheal tube size for a child between ages 1 and 10?

Answer: (Age / 4) + 4

The formula (Age/4) + 4 estimates the uncuffed ETT size in mm for children aged 1–10 years.

A 4-month-old presents with poor feeding, bulging fontanelle, and inconsolable high-pitched crying. Temperature is 38.8°C rectally. What is the most critical concern?

Answer: Intracranial hemorrhage or bacterial meningitis

A bulging fontanelle with fever and high-pitched cry in an infant suggests increased intracranial pressure from bacterial meningitis or hemorrhage.

Which drug and dose is correct for pediatric epinephrine administration during cardiac arrest via IV/IO route?

Answer: 0.01 mg/kg of 1:10,000 concentration

Pediatric IV/IO epinephrine dose is 0.01 mg/kg of the 1:10,000 (0.1 mg/mL) concentration during cardiac arrest.

A 9-month-old presents with sudden onset of colicky abdominal pain, drawing up the legs, and currant-jelly stools. Which diagnosis should be suspected?

Answer: Intussusception

Intussusception classically presents in infants 6–36 months with episodic colicky pain, drawing up of the legs, and currant-jelly stools.