CEN Cardiovascular Emergencies 3

Question 1

A patient on warfarin presents with an INR of 8.5 and is actively bleeding. Which is the fastest-acting reversal agent?

Accepted Answer

4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC)

Answer

Vitamin K IV

Answer

Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

Answer

Protamine sulfate

Question 2

Which ECG change is most characteristic of hyperkalemia when the serum potassium level is above 6.5 mEq/L?

Accepted Answer

Peaked tall T waves

Answer

Prominent U waves

Answer

Prolonged PR interval only

Answer

ST depression in lateral leads

Question 3

A patient presents with wide complex tachycardia. Which clinical feature most supports ventricular tachycardia over SVT with aberrancy?

Accepted Answer

AV dissociation on ECG

Answer

Heart rate greater than 200 bpm

Answer

Abrupt onset with palpitations

Answer

Response to vagal maneuvers

Question 4

Which vasopressor is recommended as a first-line agent for septic shock when fluid resuscitation is inadequate?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Phenylephrine

Question 5

A patient with a history of heart failure presents with a BP of 70/40 mmHg, cool extremities, and an elevated BNP. Which hemodynamic profile is most consistent with cardiogenic shock?

Accepted Answer

High CVP, high PCWP, low CO

Answer

Low CVP, low PCWP, high CO

Answer

Low CVP, high PCWP, normal CO

Answer

Normal CVP, low PCWP, low CO

Question 6

When performing pericardiocentesis for cardiac tamponade, the needle is inserted at which anatomical location?

Accepted Answer

Subxiphoid angle directed toward the left shoulder

Answer

Second intercostal space, midclavicular line

Answer

Fourth intercostal space, left sternal border

Answer

Fifth intercostal space, anterior axillary line