CEM Response, Recovery & Mitigation 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which FEMA mitigation grant program specifically funds projects to reduce risk from future natural disasters based on state and local hazard mitigation plans?
- Community Development Block Grant – Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR)
- Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) (Correct answer)
- Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Grant Program
- Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Grant Program
Correct answer: Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)
The HMGP provides funding after a presidentially declared disaster to implement long-term hazard mitigation measures that reduce future disaster losses.
Question 2: In ICS, the Operations Section Chief reports directly to the:
- Emergency Operations Center Director
- Incident Commander (Correct answer)
- Planning Section Chief
- Agency Administrator
Correct answer: Incident Commander
All four ICS section chiefs — Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance/Administration — report directly to the Incident Commander.
Question 3: A state requests federal assistance for a declared disaster. Under the Stafford Act, the cost-share arrangement for Public Assistance (PA) projects is typically:
- 100% federal with no state match required
- 75% federal / 25% non-federal (Correct answer)
- 50% federal / 50% state
- 90% federal / 10% non-federal for all categories
Correct answer: 75% federal / 25% non-federal
Standard Public Assistance projects require a 75% federal / 25% non-federal cost share, though the President may increase the federal share under certain conditions.
Question 4: Which concept describes the ability of a community to anticipate, resist, absorb, accommodate to, adapt to, transform, and recover from the effects of a hazard?
- Community resilience (Correct answer)
- Adaptive capacity
- Hazard vulnerability
- Disaster preparedness
Correct answer: Community resilience
Community resilience encompasses the full spectrum of a community's ability to prepare for, withstand, and bounce back from adverse events.
Question 5: The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) requires communities to adopt minimum floodplain management regulations as a condition of participation. Which agency administers NFIP?
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
- Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) (Correct answer)
- Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Correct answer: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
FEMA administers the NFIP, which provides flood insurance to property owners, renters, and businesses in participating communities.
Question 6: A Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) is designed to ensure that:
- Emergency shelters remain open for at least 72 hours post-disaster
- Essential government functions continue during and after a disruption (Correct answer)
- Critical infrastructure owners report damage within 24 hours
- Public utilities restore power within 48 hours of an outage
Correct answer: Essential government functions continue during and after a disruption
COOP plans establish procedures to maintain essential government functions for up to 30 days or until normal operations can be resumed.
Question 7: In the context of long-term recovery, 'unmet needs' refers to:
- Infrastructure projects denied federal funding under FEMA PA
- Disaster survivor needs that cannot be met by existing assistance programs or insurance (Correct answer)
- Training gaps identified in post-disaster after-action reports
- Shortfalls in mutual aid agreements between jurisdictions
Correct answer: Disaster survivor needs that cannot be met by existing assistance programs or insurance
Unmet needs are recovery gaps that remain after survivors have exhausted all available federal, state, insurance, and NGO assistance.
CEM Response, Recovery & Mitigation 4
Which FEMA mitigation grant program specifically funds projects to reduce risk from future natural disasters based on state and local hazard mitigation plans?