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Energy Storage & Grid Integration Flashcards

7 cards from real CEA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is the primary purpose of frequency regulation in grid-connected battery energy storage systems (BESS)?

    Answer: Maintain grid frequency within acceptable bounds (e.g., 59.95–60.05 Hz)

    Frequency regulation services require fast-responding storage to inject or absorb power to keep grid frequency within tight operational limits.

  2. Which metric best describes a battery's ability to deliver stored energy relative to its rated capacity over its lifetime?

    Answer: State of health (SOH)

    State of health (SOH) quantifies capacity fade and power degradation compared to the battery's original specifications.

  3. A utility-scale vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is best characterized by which operational advantage over lithium-ion?

    Answer: Independent scaling of power and energy capacity

    In flow batteries, power (stack size) and energy (electrolyte volume) are decoupled, allowing independent optimization of each parameter.

  4. In grid integration planning, what does 'interconnection queue' refer to?

    Answer: The backlog of generation and storage projects awaiting grid connection studies

    The interconnection queue is the backlog of projects awaiting transmission studies and approvals before connecting to the grid.

  5. Which IEEE standard governs the interconnection and interoperability requirements for distributed energy resources including storage?

    Answer: IEEE 1547

    IEEE 1547 sets technical requirements for interconnection of distributed energy resources, including ride-through, voltage, and frequency response.

  6. What is the 'duck curve' phenomenon, and how does energy storage address it?

    Answer: A mid-day dip in net load caused by solar generation, addressed by storage absorbing excess and discharging at evening ramp

    The duck curve shows low net load midday (solar overgeneration) and steep evening ramps; storage charges during the dip and discharges during the ramp.

  7. Which FERC order opened wholesale electricity markets to energy storage participation by requiring ISOs/RTOs to remove barriers?

    Answer: FERC Order 841

    FERC Order 841 (2018) required ISOs/RTOs to establish rules enabling electric storage resources to participate in all wholesale market segments.