Renewable Energy Technologies Flashcards

What is the typical capacity factor range for utility-scale onshore wind farms in the US?

Answer: 25–45%

Onshore wind farms in the US typically achieve capacity factors of 25–45%, depending on site wind resources.

Which component in a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant stores thermal energy for use after sunset?

Answer: Molten salt storage tank

Molten salt thermal energy storage allows CSP plants to generate electricity hours after the sun sets.

In a photovoltaic system, what is the primary function of the maximum power point tracker (MPPT)?

Answer: Optimize panel output as conditions change

An MPPT continuously adjusts the electrical operating point to extract maximum power from PV panels under varying irradiance and temperature.

Which offshore wind foundation type is most suitable for water depths exceeding 60 meters?

Answer: Floating semi-submersible

Floating semi-submersible platforms are used in deep water (>60 m) where fixed-bottom foundations become uneconomical.

What does the term 'perovskite' refer to in the context of next-generation solar cells?

Answer: A light-absorbing material with ABX3 crystal structure

Perovskite solar cells use a material with ABX3 crystal structure that efficiently absorbs sunlight and has shown rapid efficiency gains.

What is the Betz limit in wind energy?

Answer: The theoretical maximum efficiency of 59.3% for extracting kinetic energy from wind

The Betz limit, approximately 59.3%, is the theoretical maximum fraction of kinetic energy a wind turbine can extract from free-flowing air.

Run-of-river hydropower differs from reservoir hydropower primarily because it:

Answer: Operates without a large water storage reservoir

Run-of-river hydropower diverts a portion of river flow through turbines with minimal or no reservoir storage, resulting in lower environmental impact.