Foundations of Dyslexia & Language-Based Learning Disabilities Flashcards
7 cards from real CDT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Foundations of Dyslexia & Language-Based Learning Disabilities flashcards as text
In the context of language-based learning disabilities, which term refers to a significant discrepancy between oral language comprehension and reading comprehension with intact decoding?
Answer: Language comprehension deficit (poor comprehender profile)
Poor comprehenders decode accurately but fail to understand text because of underlying language comprehension deficits, representing a distinct profile from dyslexia.
Which theoretical model proposes that skilled reading requires both a phonological pathway and a direct orthographic pathway to access word meaning?
Answer: The Dual-Route Cascaded (DRC) model
The Dual-Route Cascaded model posits a lexical (direct orthographic) route and a sublexical (phonological) route for reading, explaining different error patterns in dyslexia.
A student consistently reads 'horse' as 'house' and 'farm' as 'form.' These errors most likely indicate a deficit in which area?
Answer: Vowel pattern and medial phoneme discrimination
Confusing medial vowels and similar-sounding medial consonants indicates difficulty discriminating vowel patterns and medial phonemes within words.
The 'phonological core deficit' model of dyslexia was most prominently developed and supported by which researcher?
Answer: Frank Vellutino
Frank Vellutino's research in the 1970s–1990s was foundational in establishing that phonological (not visual) processing deficits are the core cause of dyslexia.
Which characteristic of English orthography makes it particularly challenging for students with dyslexia compared to more transparent orthographies?
Answer: English has an opaque, deep orthography with inconsistent grapheme-phoneme correspondences
English has a deep orthography where the same phoneme can be spelled multiple ways and the same spelling can represent different phonemes, increasing the phonological decoding burden.
Which condition is characterized by significant difficulty with written expression, including handwriting, spelling, and written composition, often co-occurring with dyslexia?
Answer: Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia specifically affects written expression and often co-occurs with dyslexia since both involve language-based processing, though dysgraphia also has a motor component.
According to Ehri's phases of word reading development, which phase is characterized by using some letter-sound knowledge but not the full alphabetic code?
Answer: Partial alphabetic phase
In the partial alphabetic phase, children use some letter-sound cues (often initial and final consonants) but rely on partial phonetic cues rather than complete decoding.