CDP Database Administration and Security 3

Question 1

What is a database audit trail used for in a regulated environment?

Accepted Answer

Logging who accessed or modified data, when, and what changes were made for compliance and security investigations

Answer

Improving query performance by tracking slow queries

Answer

Tracking database license usage

Answer

Monitoring hardware resource utilization

Question 2

What is 'connection pooling' in database applications?

Accepted Answer

Reusing a pool of pre-established database connections to reduce the overhead of creating new connections for each request

Answer

Combining multiple database servers into a cluster

Answer

Pooling query results for caching purposes

Answer

Distributing database load across multiple storage pools

Question 3

In database recovery, what is the difference between a 'full backup' and a 'differential backup'?

Accepted Answer

A full backup copies all data; a differential backup copies only data changed since the last full backup

Answer

Full backups are faster; differential backups are more complete

Answer

Full backups are stored offsite; differential backups are stored locally

Answer

Differential backups include transaction logs; full backups do not

Question 4

What is the CAP theorem in distributed database systems?

Accepted Answer

A theorem stating that a distributed system can guarantee at most two of three properties: Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance

Answer

Consistency, Accuracy, Performance — three goals of database design

Answer

Compressed, Archived, Partitioned — three storage strategies

Answer

A theorem about maximum query optimization

Question 5

What is database normalization's Third Normal Form (3NF) requirement?

Accepted Answer

No transitive dependencies — non-key attributes must depend only on the primary key, not on other non-key attributes

Answer

All attributes must be atomic with no repeating groups

Answer

No partial dependencies on a composite key

Answer

All foreign keys must reference primary keys in other tables

Question 6

What is 'dynamic data masking' and how does it differ from static data masking?

Accepted Answer

Dynamic masking shows masked data in query results to unauthorized users without altering stored data; static masking creates a separate masked copy of the data

Answer

Dynamic masking physically alters stored data; static masking shows masked data only to some users

Answer

They are identical techniques with different names

Answer

Dynamic masking is used for backups; static masking is for production