CDE Complications 4

Question 1

A patient with type 2 diabetes and CKD stage 3 (eGFR 45) requires glucose-lowering therapy. Which medication requires dose adjustment or caution at this eGFR?

Accepted Answer

Metformin

Answer

Metformin is contraindicated when eGFR falls below 30 and should be used with caution between 30–45 mL/min/1.73m² due to risk of lactic acidosis.

Question 2

What is the primary goal of off-loading in the treatment of a plantar diabetic foot ulcer?

Accepted Answer

Reduce mechanical pressure on the wound to promote healing

Answer

Off-loading removes mechanical pressure from the ulcer site, which is essential for healing neuropathic plantar ulcers.

Question 3

Which finding best distinguishes proliferative diabetic retinopathy from severe nonproliferative retinopathy?

Accepted Answer

New vessel formation (neovascularization)

Answer

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is defined by neovascularization — new, fragile blood vessels that grow on the retina or optic disc.

Question 4

A diabetic patient develops nephrotic-range proteinuria (>3.5 g/day). Which condition has likely developed?

Accepted Answer

Advanced diabetic nephropathy (overt nephropathy)

Answer

Nephrotic-range proteinuria indicates advanced (overt) diabetic nephropathy with significant glomerular damage and high risk of end-stage renal disease.

Question 5

Which cardiovascular risk factor is MOST strongly associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes?

Accepted Answer

The combination of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia

Answer

The clustering of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in diabetes synergistically accelerates atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

Certified Diabetes Educator Test Practice Test

Certified Diabetes Educator Test Practice Test

CDE Complications 4