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Pharmacology & Medication Management Flashcards

7 cards from real CDC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Pharmacology & Medication Management flashcards as text

  1. A patient with renal impairment requires antibiotic therapy for a dental abscess. Which antibiotic requires the MOST significant dose adjustment in kidney disease?

    Answer: Amoxicillin-clavulanate

    Amoxicillin-clavulanate is primarily renally excreted, and dose intervals must be extended significantly in patients with reduced GFR to prevent accumulation.

  2. Which drug interaction is MOST likely when a patient taking a calcium channel blocker (e.g., amlodipine) is prescribed erythromycin for a dental infection?

    Answer: Enhanced hypotensive effect

    Erythromycin inhibits CYP3A4, reducing the metabolism of amlodipine and increasing its plasma concentration, which can cause excessive vasodilation and hypotension.

  3. What is the primary mechanism by which tetracyclines are contraindicated in children under 8 years of age?

    Answer: Permanent tooth discoloration

    Tetracyclines chelate calcium and incorporate into developing enamel and dentin, causing permanent gray-brown tooth discoloration in children under 8.

  4. A patient reports taking St. John's Wort (hypericum). Which dental drug class may have REDUCED efficacy due to this herbal supplement?

    Answer: Benzodiazepines

    St. John's Wort induces CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, accelerating the metabolism of benzodiazepines and reducing their sedative effect.

  5. Which medication used to treat opioid-use disorder requires special consideration before dental sedation due to its ceiling effect on analgesia?

    Answer: Buprenorphine

    Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist with high receptor affinity and a ceiling effect; it blocks full agonist opioids and complicates pain management in dental procedures.

  6. Which vasoconstrictive agent should be AVOIDED in local anesthetic solutions for patients taking non-selective beta-blockers?

    Answer: Epinephrine

    Epinephrine with non-selective beta-blockers can cause unopposed alpha-adrenergic stimulation, leading to severe hypertension and reflex bradycardia.

  7. A dentist prescribes metronidazole for a periodontal infection. The patient should be counseled to AVOID which substance during treatment?

    Answer: Alcohol

    Metronidazole inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing a disulfiram-like reaction when combined with alcohol, resulting in flushing, nausea, and tachycardia.