CCTST Analysis 3

Question 1

A graph shows that ice cream sales and drowning rates both peak in summer. A commentator concludes that ice cream causes drowning. This error is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Confusing correlation with causation

Answer

Both variables are driven by a third factor (summer heat), making this a classic case of mistaking correlation for a causal relationship.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a 'necessary condition' in logical analysis?

Accepted Answer

A condition that must be present for an outcome to occur, though it may not be sufficient alone

Answer

A necessary condition must be met for the outcome to occur, but it alone may not bring about that outcome.

Question 3

An argument states: 'Either we raise taxes or cut services. We cannot cut services. Therefore, we must raise taxes.' This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Disjunctive syllogism

Answer

Disjunctive syllogism eliminates one option from an either/or statement to conclude the other must be true.

Question 4

When a study uses a sample of only college students to draw conclusions about 'all adults,' the primary analytical concern is:

Accepted Answer

Whether the sample is representative of the broader population

Answer

College students differ systematically from the general adult population, so the sample may not support conclusions about all adults.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is an analytic (logically true) claim?

Accepted Answer

All bachelors are unmarried

Answer

'Bachelor' is defined as an unmarried man, so 'all bachelors are unmarried' is true by definition, not by observation.

(CCTST) California Critical Thinking Skills Test Practice Test

(CCTST) California Critical Thinking Skills Test Practice Test

CCTST Analysis 3