CCT Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology 2

Question 1

Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Aortic semilunar valve

Answer

The aortic semilunar valve closes during diastole to prevent regurgitation of blood from the aorta back into the left ventricle.

Question 2

The chordae tendineae attach the AV valve leaflets to which cardiac structure?

Accepted Answer

Papillary muscles

Answer

Chordae tendineae are fibrous cords that connect the AV valve leaflets to the papillary muscles, preventing valve prolapse during systole.

Question 3

Which coronary artery typically supplies the sinoatrial (SA) node in most individuals?

Accepted Answer

Right coronary artery

Answer

In approximately 60% of individuals, the SA nodal artery arises from the right coronary artery (RCA).

Question 4

What is the approximate normal cardiac output at rest in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

5–6 L/min

Answer

Normal resting cardiac output is approximately 5–6 liters per minute, calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.

Question 5

Which layer of the heart wall contains the cardiac muscle cells responsible for contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Answer

The myocardium is the thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) that generate the force of contraction.

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