CCSP Clinical Biomechanics in Sports 4 β Questions and Answers
Question 1: Wolff's Law applied to sport rehabilitation states that bone remodels:
- In response to hormonal fluctuations independent of mechanical load
- Along lines of mechanical stress, strengthening under load and weakening without it (Correct answer)
- At a fixed rate determined solely by genetics
- Only during the inflammatory phase of healing
Correct answer: Along lines of mechanical stress, strengthening under load and weakening without it
Wolff's Law holds that bone architecture adapts to the direction and magnitude of mechanical forces applied to it.
Question 2: The Thomas test assesses flexibility of which muscle group, and a positive result indicates what biomechanical consequence?
- Hip abductors; increased lateral pelvic tilt
- Hip flexors (iliopsoas/rectus femoris); anterior pelvic tilt and increased lumbar lordosis (Correct answer)
- Hamstrings; posterior pelvic tilt and lumbar flexion
- Hip external rotators; femoral anteversion
Correct answer: Hip flexors (iliopsoas/rectus femoris); anterior pelvic tilt and increased lumbar lordosis
A positive Thomas test (thigh rises off table) indicates hip flexor tightness, which anteriorly tilts the pelvis and increases lumbar lordosis during sport.
Question 3: In swimming freestyle stroke, internal impingement of the shoulder most commonly occurs during which phase?
- Entry and extension (catch phase)
- Mid-pull through
- Exit (push phase)
- Recovery (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Recovery
During the recovery phase the arm is elevated and internally rotated, placing the greater tuberosity against the posterior superior glenoid labrum (internal impingement).
Question 4: Myofascial continuity in the posterior kinetic chain (superficial back line) means that plantar fascia tension can directly affect:
- Cervical flexor endurance
- Hamstring length and lumbar erector tone (Correct answer)
- Wrist extensor recruitment
- Thoracic kyphosis angle
Correct answer: Hamstring length and lumbar erector tone
The superficial back line connects plantar fascia through the gastrocnemius, hamstrings, and sacrotuberous ligament to the lumbar erectors, so foot mechanics influence the entire posterior chain.
Question 5: An athlete exhibits excessive foot pronation during running. Which compensatory motion at the knee is most likely?
- Knee hyperextension
- Increased knee valgus and tibial internal rotation (Correct answer)
- Lateral patellar tracking improvement
- Decreased knee flexion moment
Correct answer: Increased knee valgus and tibial internal rotation
Subtalar pronation is coupled with tibial internal rotation, which rotates the femur medially and increases dynamic knee valgus.
Question 6: The concept of 'stiffness' in sports biomechanics refers to:
- Resistance of muscle to passive stretch at rest
- The ratio of force to deformation (F/Ξx) of a tissue or joint (Correct answer)
- Inability to achieve full range of motion due to arthritis
- Muscle activation latency following perturbation
Correct answer: The ratio of force to deformation (F/Ξx) of a tissue or joint
Stiffness is defined mechanically as the ratio of applied force to resultant deformation; optimal leg stiffness during running improves energy storage and return.
Question 7: During a squat, placing a heel lift under the feet primarily compensates for limited:
- Hip flexor length
- Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (Correct answer)
- Quadriceps strength
- Knee flexion mobility
Correct answer: Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion
Limited ankle dorsiflexion forces the heel to rise or the trunk to lean excessively; a heel lift pre-loads dorsiflexion to allow a more upright squat posture.
CCSP Clinical Biomechanics in Sports 4
Wolff's Law applied to sport rehabilitation states that bone remodels: