Sports Injury & Diagnosis Flashcards

What is the most common mechanism for an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in athletes?

Answer: Twisting motion with planted foot

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is frequently injured during non-contact sports activities involving sudden changes in direction or landing. A common mechanism is a twisting motion of the knee while the foot is firmly planted on the ground, which places significant rotational stress on the ligament. This often occurs during cutting, pivoting, or hyperextension movements.

Which special test is commonly used to evaluate a suspected rotator cuff tear?

Answer: Drop Arm test

The Drop Arm test is a classic orthopedic special test specifically designed to assess the integrity of the rotator cuff, particularly the supraspinatus muscle. During the test, the patient attempts to slowly lower their arm from an abducted position, and an inability to do so smoothly or a sudden drop indicates a potential tear. This helps clinicians pinpoint the source of shoulder weakness and pain.

What symptom is most associated with lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)?

Answer: Pain with resisted wrist extension

Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is an overuse injury affecting the tendons that attach to the lateral epicondyle of the elbow. The condition is characterized by pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow, which is typically exacerbated by activities involving resisted wrist extension or gripping. This is because these actions engage the affected extensor muscles and their inflamed tendons.

Which imaging method is best for identifying stress fractures?

Answer: MRI

While X-rays can sometimes show advanced stress fractures, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard for early detection and detailed evaluation of these injuries. MRI provides superior soft tissue contrast and can visualize the bone marrow edema associated with stress reactions and early stress fractures before they are visible on plain radiographs. This allows for timely diagnosis and intervention.

What is the primary concern when evaluating a concussion?

Answer: Loss of consciousness or confusion

When evaluating a concussion, the primary concern is assessing for signs of brain injury, such as loss of consciousness or any degree of confusion. These symptoms indicate an alteration in brain function following a head trauma and are critical indicators requiring immediate medical attention and removal from play. Early recognition helps prevent further injury and guides appropriate management.

What condition is characterized by anterior knee pain and worsens with prolonged sitting?

Answer: Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common condition characterized by pain around or behind the kneecap, often referred to as "runner's knee" or "moviegoer's knee." The pain typically worsens with activities that increase pressure on the patellofemoral joint, such as prolonged sitting with bent knees, climbing stairs, or squatting. This is due to irritation of the cartilage or soft tissues surrounding the kneecap.