CCS Nutrition & Health 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which fatty acid is classified as an omega-3 and is primarily found in fatty fish?
- Linoleic acid
- Alpha-linolenic acid
- Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (Correct answer)
- Arachidonic acid
Correct answer: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid found in high concentrations in fatty fish like salmon and mackerel.
Question 2: What is the primary function of dietary fiber in the human digestive system?
- Providing concentrated energy
- Promoting bowel regularity and feeding gut microbiota (Correct answer)
- Facilitating fat-soluble vitamin absorption
- Synthesizing essential amino acids
Correct answer: Promoting bowel regularity and feeding gut microbiota
Dietary fiber promotes bowel regularity, feeds beneficial gut bacteria, and helps regulate blood glucose and cholesterol levels.
Question 3: Which vitamin deficiency is most directly associated with impaired night vision?
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin A (Correct answer)
- Vitamin E
Correct answer: Vitamin A
Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for producing rhodopsin in rod photoreceptors; deficiency leads to night blindness.
Question 4: In food science, the Maillard reaction contributes to flavor development but may also produce which potentially harmful compound?
- Trans fatty acids
- Acrylamide (Correct answer)
- Nitrosamines
- Benzene
Correct answer: Acrylamide
High-temperature Maillard reactions in starchy foods can produce acrylamide, a compound of concern due to its potential carcinogenicity.
Question 5: The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) term 'Tolerable Upper Intake Level' (UL) refers to what?
- The minimum intake needed to prevent deficiency
- The average intake sufficient for most individuals
- The highest daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects (Correct answer)
- The intake that maximizes athletic performance
Correct answer: The highest daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects
The UL is the highest average daily intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse effects for almost all individuals in the general population.
Question 6: Which mineral plays a critical role in oxygen transport by being a central component of hemoglobin?
- Zinc
- Calcium
- Iron (Correct answer)
- Magnesium
Correct answer: Iron
Iron is the central atom in the heme group of hemoglobin and myoglobin, enabling oxygen binding and transport throughout the body.
Question 7: When formulating a low-sodium product for health-conscious consumers, which ingredient is commonly used as a partial salt replacer?
- Monosodium glutamate
- Potassium chloride (Correct answer)
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Calcium chloride
Correct answer: Potassium chloride
Potassium chloride (KCl) is widely used to partially replace sodium chloride in reduced-sodium products, though it can impart a bitter or metallic off-note at high levels.
CCS Nutrition & Health 2
Which fatty acid is classified as an omega-3 and is primarily found in fatty fish?