CCS Medical Terminology & Anatomy 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The term 'stenosis' in cardiovascular medicine refers to:
- Widening of a vessel lumen
- Narrowing or constriction of a vessel or valve opening (Correct answer)
- Rupture of a vessel wall
- Inflammation of the vessel endothelium
Correct answer: Narrowing or constriction of a vessel or valve opening
Stenosis describes an abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or heart valve opening that restricts flow.
Question 2: Which layer of the heart wall contains the cardiac muscle cells responsible for contraction?
- Epicardium
- Pericardium
- Myocardium (Correct answer)
- Endocardium
Correct answer: Myocardium
The myocardium is the middle muscular layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes).
Question 3: The term 'bradycardia' is defined as a heart rate:
- Greater than 100 beats per minute
- Less than 60 beats per minute (Correct answer)
- Between 60–100 beats per minute
- Irregular regardless of rate
Correct answer: Less than 60 beats per minute
Bradycardia is defined as a resting heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
Question 4: The right coronary artery (RCA) most commonly supplies which structure?
- Left ventricular apex
- Sinoatrial node and right ventricle (Correct answer)
- Left anterior descending territory
- Pulmonary trunk
Correct answer: Sinoatrial node and right ventricle
The RCA typically supplies the sinoatrial node, right ventricle, and inferior wall of the left ventricle.
Question 5: What does the term 'ejection fraction' (EF) measure?
- Total volume of blood in the ventricle at rest
- Percentage of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat (Correct answer)
- Rate of ventricular filling during diastole
- Pressure generated during isovolumetric contraction
Correct answer: Percentage of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat
Ejection fraction is the percentage of end-diastolic volume pumped out of the ventricle per heartbeat.
Question 6: The anatomical term 'interventricular septum' refers to:
- The wall dividing the left and right atria
- The muscular wall dividing the left and right ventricles (Correct answer)
- The fibrous ring supporting the mitral valve
- The partition between the pulmonary veins and left atrium
Correct answer: The muscular wall dividing the left and right ventricles
The interventricular septum is the muscular and membranous partition separating the two ventricular chambers.
Question 7: Which term describes the period during which the ventricles are filling with blood?
- Systole
- Isovolumetric relaxation
- Diastole (Correct answer)
- Ejection phase
Correct answer: Diastole
Diastole is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricular muscle relaxes and chambers fill with blood.
CCS Medical Terminology & Anatomy 2
The term 'stenosis' in cardiovascular medicine refers to: