CCS Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Perfusion Management Flashcards

Which cannulation site is most commonly used for venous drainage during standard CPB?

Answer: Right atrium or inferior vena cava

Venous drainage for CPB is most commonly obtained from the right atrium or bicaval cannulation of the superior and inferior vena cavae.

Protamine sulfate is administered after CPB to reverse which drug?

Answer: Heparin

Protamine sulfate neutralizes unfractionated heparin by forming an inactive complex, restoring normal coagulation after bypass.

Systemic hypothermia during CPB is used primarily to achieve which physiologic benefit?

Answer: Reduce metabolic rate and organ oxygen consumption

Hypothermia decreases cellular metabolic rate and oxygen demand, providing protection to the brain and other organs during reduced perfusion.

Which complication of CPB is characterized by diffuse end-organ dysfunction resulting from the systemic inflammatory response to extracorporeal circulation?

Answer: Post-perfusion syndrome (SIRS after CPB)

CPB activates complement, cytokines, and leukocytes, causing a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that can impair pulmonary, renal, and neurological function.

The left ventricular vent is inserted during CPB primarily to prevent which problem?

Answer: Left ventricular distension and endocardial ischemia

The LV vent decompresses the left ventricle during cross-clamping, preventing distension that would increase wall tension and worsen subendocardial ischemia.

During CPB, pH-stat management differs from alpha-stat management in which primary way?

Answer: pH-stat corrects pH for temperature, increasing CO2 and cerebral blood flow

pH-stat management corrects blood gas values for the patient's actual temperature, resulting in relative hypercapnia that increases cerebral blood flow — preferred in pediatric/deep hypothermic cases.