Hematology and Immunology Flashcards
7 cards from real CCRN practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Hematology and Immunology flashcards as text
Which blood product is the treatment of choice to rapidly reverse warfarin in a patient with life-threatening bleeding?
Answer: Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC)
PCC provides concentrated vitamin K-dependent factors and reverses warfarin faster than fresh frozen plasma for life-threatening bleeding.
Cryoprecipitate is most specifically indicated to replace which component?
Answer: Fibrinogen
Cryoprecipitate is rich in fibrinogen, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, and factor XIII, and is used primarily for low fibrinogen.
A patient develops dyspnea, hypoxemia, and bilateral infiltrates within 6 hours of transfusion. Which reaction is most likely?
Answer: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
TRALI presents with acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema within 6 hours of transfusion and is a leading cause of transfusion-related death.
Which assessment finding distinguishes TACO (circulatory overload) from TRALI?
Answer: Hypertension and elevated BNP with jugular venous distention
TACO is volume overload, so it presents with hypertension, elevated BNP, and JVD, unlike TRALI which has normal filling pressures.
A patient with hemophilia A is bleeding. Which factor must be replaced?
Answer: Factor VIII
Hemophilia A is a deficiency of factor VIII, which must be replaced to control bleeding.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis?
Answer: Type I (IgE-mediated)
Anaphylaxis is a Type I IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction causing mast cell degranulation.
What is the most appropriate first-line medication for a patient in anaphylactic shock?
Answer: Intramuscular epinephrine
Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis because it reverses bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and capillary leak.