Programming Concepts & Application Development Flashcards

Which design pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it?

Answer: Singleton

The Singleton pattern restricts instantiation of a class to one object and provides a global access point.

In object-oriented programming, what term describes a subclass providing a specific implementation of a method already defined in its parent class?

Answer: Overriding

Method overriding allows a subclass to provide its own implementation of a method inherited from a superclass.

What is the time complexity of binary search on a sorted array of n elements?

Answer: O(log n)

Binary search repeatedly halves the search space, resulting in O(log n) time complexity.

Which software development methodology emphasizes iterative development, customer collaboration, and responding to change?

Answer: Agile

Agile methodology prioritizes iterative delivery, continuous feedback, and flexibility over rigid upfront planning.

In a relational database context, what does ACID stand for?

Answer: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability

ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability — the four properties that guarantee reliable database transactions.

What is a 'race condition' in concurrent programming?

Answer: A bug where program behavior depends on unpredictable timing of multiple threads

A race condition occurs when a program's outcome depends on the relative timing of concurrent threads or processes accessing shared resources.

Which of the following best describes 'polymorphism' in object-oriented programming?

Answer: The ability of different objects to respond to the same interface in different ways

Polymorphism allows objects of different types to be treated through a common interface, each responding according to its own type.