Child Development Theories Flashcards
7 cards from real CCP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Child Development Theories flashcards as text
In Erikson's psychosocial theory, the conflict a toddler (ages 1–3) must resolve is best described as:
Answer: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
During the toddler years, children strive for independence; when caregivers are overly controlling or critical, children may develop shame and self-doubt.
Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is defined as the range between:
Answer: Tasks a child can complete alone and tasks they can complete with guidance
The ZPD represents the gap between independent performance and what is achievable with skilled support, making it the ideal target for instruction.
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which level must be met before a child can focus on learning and self-esteem needs?
Answer: Physiological and safety needs
Maslow placed physiological needs (food, shelter) and safety needs at the base of the hierarchy; unmet basic needs prevent children from engaging with higher-level needs.
Which of the following best describes the Reggio Emilia approach to early childhood education?
Answer: A child-centered philosophy emphasizing project-based learning and the environment as the 'third teacher'
Reggio Emilia views children as capable researchers, values collaborative projects, and considers the physical environment a key educator.
B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory explains child behavior primarily through:
Answer: Consequences — reinforcement increases behavior while punishment decreases it
Skinner demonstrated that behavior is shaped by its consequences: behaviors followed by reinforcement increase in frequency, while those followed by punishment decrease.
A child who uses a toy broom to 'sweep' just like their parent is demonstrating which type of play, according to developmental theory?
Answer: Symbolic or pretend play
Symbolic play, in which children use objects or actions to represent something else, is a hallmark of the preoperational stage and reflects emerging language and cognition.
The Montessori method emphasizes which core principle for supporting child development?
Answer: Prepared environments that allow self-directed learning at the child's own pace
Maria Montessori believed children have a natural drive to learn and that carefully designed environments with hands-on materials support independent exploration.