CCMA Anatomy and Physiology Basics 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by voluntary control, striated appearance, and multinucleated cells?
- Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Skeletal muscle (Correct answer)
- Visceral muscle
Correct answer: Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, displays striations due to organized sarcomeres, and contains multiple nuclei per fiber.
Question 2: During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves in which direction?
- Superiorly, increasing thoracic pressure
- Inferiorly, increasing thoracic volume (Correct answer)
- Laterally, decreasing lung compliance
- Anteriorly, compressing the lungs
Correct answer: Inferiorly, increasing thoracic volume
Diaphragm contraction causes it to flatten and descend, increasing thoracic cavity volume and decreasing intrapulmonary pressure to draw air in.
Question 3: The hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from which organ directly to the liver?
- Kidneys
- Spleen
- Small intestine (Correct answer)
- Stomach
Correct answer: Small intestine
The hepatic portal vein primarily collects blood from the small intestine, delivering absorbed nutrients to the liver for processing.
Question 4: Which bone marking is a rounded projection that articulates with another bone to form a joint?
- Foramen
- Fossa
- Condyle (Correct answer)
- Tubercle
Correct answer: Condyle
A condyle is a rounded articular prominence on a bone that forms part of a synovial joint, such as the femoral condyles of the knee.
Question 5: Surfactant, which prevents alveolar collapse, is produced by which lung cells?
- Type I pneumocytes
- Type II pneumocytes (Correct answer)
- Alveolar macrophages
- Clara cells
Correct answer: Type II pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes (granular pneumocytes) synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant, reducing alveolar surface tension.
Question 6: Which structure connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland and transports hormones such as ADH and oxytocin?
- Hypophyseal portal system
- Infundibulum
- Pituitary stalk's axonal projections (Correct answer)
- Optic chiasm
Correct answer: Pituitary stalk's axonal projections
ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in hypothalamic neurons and transported down axons through the infundibulum to be stored and released from the posterior pituitary.
Question 7: The axial skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT:
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Sternum
- Clavicle (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Clavicle
The clavicle is part of the pectoral girdle, which belongs to the appendicular skeleton, not the axial skeleton.
CCMA Anatomy and Physiology Basics 5
Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by voluntary control, striated appearance, and multinucleated cells?