RCS Flashcards
7 cards from real CCI practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 RCS flashcards as text
Which Doppler modality is MOST appropriate for measuring high-velocity jets such as severe aortic stenosis?
Answer: Continuous-wave Doppler
Continuous-wave Doppler has no aliasing limit and can accurately measure high-velocity jets that exceed the Nyquist limit of pulsed-wave Doppler.
On M-mode echocardiography, the E-point septal separation (EPSS) is used to estimate:
Answer: Left ventricular ejection fraction
EPSS reflects the distance between the anterior mitral leaflet E-point and the interventricular septum; a value >7 mm suggests reduced LVEF.
A patient has a tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity of 3.5 m/s and an estimated right atrial pressure of 10 mmHg. What is the estimated RVSP?
Answer: 59 mmHg
RVSP = 4v² + RAP = 4(3.5)² + 10 = 49 + 10 = 59 mmHg using the simplified Bernoulli equation.
Which echocardiographic view best demonstrates the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) for velocity measurement by pulsed-wave Doppler?
Answer: Apical five-chamber view
The apical five-chamber view aligns the Doppler beam parallel to LVOT flow, minimizing the angle of incidence for accurate velocity measurement.
Which tissue Doppler parameter is used as a surrogate for left ventricular filling pressure?
Answer: E/e' ratio
The E/e' ratio (transmitral E velocity divided by mitral annular e' velocity) correlates with mean left atrial pressure and LV diastolic filling pressure.
In a patient with severe mitral regurgitation, which finding on color Doppler indicates a proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) radius appropriate for calculating effective regurgitant orifice area?
Answer: A hemispheric flow convergence zone proximal to the mitral valve
PISA method requires identifying a hemispheric convergence zone of accelerating flow proximal to the regurgitant orifice, which is then used with aliasing velocity to calculate EROA.
Which congenital lesion classically produces a 'double density' sign on chest X-ray and a dilated right atrium on echocardiography?
Answer: Ebstein anomaly
Ebstein anomaly causes massive right atrial and atrialized right ventricular enlargement, producing a 'box-shaped' heart with a double density on CXR.