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Vascular Hemodynamics Principles Flashcards

7 cards from real CCI practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. In lower extremity arterial occlusion, which collateral pathway most commonly reconstitutes the popliteal artery?

    Answer: Geniculate anastomosis around the knee

    The geniculate arteries form an anastomotic network around the knee that reconstitutes the popliteal artery distal to a femoral occlusion.

  2. The acceleration time (AT) measured in intrarenal arteries is prolonged when:

    Answer: There is significant proximal renal artery stenosis

    Significant renal artery stenosis dampens the waveform, prolonging the time from onset of systole to peak systolic velocity (AT > 70–80 ms).

  3. Which hemodynamic change occurs during exercise in a patient with hemodynamically significant PAD?

    Answer: ABI decreases due to inability to raise distal pressure

    During exercise, vasodilation increases flow demand but the stenosis limits pressure transmission, causing ankle pressure to fall and ABI to decrease.

  4. What does the term 'critical stenosis' refer to in vascular hemodynamics?

    Answer: The degree of stenosis beyond which resting flow begins to fall

    Critical stenosis is the threshold (approximately 75% area reduction or 50% diameter reduction) beyond which autoregulatory mechanisms can no longer maintain resting flow.

  5. In the venous system, the primary driving force for venous return from the lower extremities during ambulation is:

    Answer: Calf muscle pump compressing deep veins

    The calf muscle pump compresses deep veins during walking, propelling blood proximally and reducing venous pressure in the leg.

  6. Which Doppler finding is characteristic of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the femoral vein?

    Answer: Absence of phasic respiratory variation and non-compressibility

    DVT is diagnosed by non-compressibility of the vein and loss of normal phasic respiratory variation on duplex ultrasound.

  7. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is best approximated by which formula?

    Answer: Diastolic + (Pulse pressure / 3)

    MAP ≈ Diastolic + (1/3 × pulse pressure) because diastole occupies approximately two-thirds of the cardiac cycle.