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Invasive Catheterization Procedures Flashcards

7 cards from real CCI practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What is the significance of a 'damping' waveform observed when a catheter is positioned in the coronary ostium?

    Answer: It suggests catheter tip occlusion of the ostium, risking ischemia or dissection

    A damped waveform indicates the catheter tip is obstructing coronary flow, which can cause ischemia, ventricular fibrillation, or ostial dissection if not corrected immediately.

  2. Which of the following correctly describes the transpulmonary gradient (TPG)?

    Answer: Mean PAP minus mean PCWP

    The transpulmonary gradient equals mean pulmonary artery pressure minus mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, reflecting resistance across the pulmonary vascular bed.

  3. A patient undergoing diagnostic catheterization has an oxygen saturation step-up of 8% between the right atrium and right ventricle. What diagnosis should be suspected?

    Answer: Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

    An oxygen saturation step-up at the RV level (≥5%) indicates a left-to-right shunt at the ventricular level, consistent with a VSD.

  4. What is the purpose of using a long sheath during radial artery access for coronary angiography?

    Answer: To reduce radial artery spasm and facilitate catheter exchanges

    A long radial sheath reduces friction during catheter exchanges and minimizes radial artery spasm caused by repeated catheter manipulation.

  5. Which complication is uniquely associated with the transradial approach compared to the transfemoral approach?

    Answer: Radial artery occlusion

    Radial artery occlusion is a complication specific to transradial access, occurring in approximately 1–5% of cases, though it is usually asymptomatic due to dual hand circulation.

  6. A patient's cardiac output measured by thermodilution is 3.2 L/min with a body surface area of 1.8 m². What is the cardiac index?

    Answer: 1.78 L/min/m²

    Cardiac index equals cardiac output divided by BSA: 3.2 ÷ 1.8 = 1.78 L/min/m², which is below the normal range of 2.2–4.0 L/min/m².

  7. During ventriculography, which projection best demonstrates the posterobasal wall of the left ventricle?

    Answer: 45° LAO projection

    The 45–60° LAO projection separates the LV into septal and lateral walls and is the best view to assess the posterobasal (inferior) wall of the left ventricle.