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Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

7 cards from real CCI practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology flashcards as text

  1. The bundle of His bifurcates into the right and left bundle branches at which anatomical location?

    Answer: Top of the muscular interventricular septum

    The bundle of His travels through the fibrous AV septum and divides into right and left bundle branches at the crest of the muscular interventricular septum.

  2. Which great vessel arises from the right ventricle and carries deoxygenated blood?

    Answer: Pulmonary artery

    The pulmonary artery (main pulmonary trunk) originates from the right ventricular outflow tract and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange.

  3. Ejection fraction (EF) is defined as:

    Answer: Stroke volume divided by end-diastolic volume

    Ejection fraction = stroke volume / end-diastolic volume × 100%; normal LV EF is ≥55%, and it reflects the percentage of blood ejected per beat.

  4. Which ion is primarily responsible for the plateau (phase 2) of the ventricular action potential?

    Answer: Calcium (Ca²⁺)

    During phase 2 (plateau), slow L-type calcium channels open, allowing Ca²⁺ influx that balances K⁺ efflux and sustains depolarization, triggering excitation-contraction coupling.

  5. The left circumflex artery typically supplies which portion of the left ventricle?

    Answer: Lateral wall and posterior wall

    The left circumflex artery courses in the left AV groove and typically supplies the lateral and posterior walls of the left ventricle via obtuse marginal branches.

  6. Which autonomic receptor mediates the positive chronotropic (rate-increasing) effect of catecholamines on the SA node?

    Answer: Beta-1 adrenergic receptor

    Beta-1 adrenergic receptors predominate in the SA node; stimulation by norepinephrine or epinephrine increases the rate of spontaneous depolarization, raising heart rate.

  7. The normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) reflects pressure in which cardiac chamber?

    Answer: Left atrium

    When the pulmonary artery catheter balloon is wedged, forward flow stops and the pressure equilibrates with left atrial pressure through the pulmonary veins.