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Anatomy & Biomechanics of Extremities Flashcards

7 cards from real CCEP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. During closed-chain pronation of the foot, what obligatory motion occurs at the tibia?

    Answer: Internal rotation

    Closed-chain subtalar pronation causes obligatory internal rotation of the tibia, which in turn stresses the knee and hip in a predictable kinetic chain.

  2. The 'unhappy triad' (O'Donoghue's triad) of the knee classically involves injury to which three structures?

    Answer: ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus

    The classic unhappy triad involves the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus, typically from a valgus contact force applied to a planted foot.

  3. Which muscle is the primary supinator of the forearm when the elbow is extended?

    Answer: Supinator

    With the elbow extended, the biceps brachii has a poor mechanical advantage, making the supinator muscle the primary supinator of the forearm.

  4. The hip joint's close-packed position (maximum congruency and ligamentous tension) occurs in which position?

    Answer: Flexion, abduction, and external rotation

    The close-packed position of the hip is full extension combined with slight abduction and internal rotation, where the ligaments are most taut.

  5. The pes anserinus is the conjoined insertion of which three muscles at the proximal medial tibia?

    Answer: Sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus

    The pes anserinus ('goose's foot') is formed by the conjoined tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus inserting on the proximal medial tibial shaft.

  6. Which intercarpal joint is most commonly implicated in carpal instability and has the highest risk of avascular necrosis when fractured?

    Answer: Scaphoid

    The scaphoid has a tenuous retrograde blood supply; its waist and proximal pole fractures carry significant risk of avascular necrosis and carpal instability.

  7. In gait analysis, 'Trendelenburg gait' results from weakness of which muscle group?

    Answer: Hip abductors on the stance-side

    Weakness of the stance-side hip abductors (primarily gluteus medius) prevents pelvis stabilization, causing contralateral pelvic drop (Trendelenburg sign) or trunk lean.