CCDM Statistical Analysis 2

Question 1

In a clinical trial, a p-value of 0.03 is obtained. Which statement is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

There is a 3% chance of observing results as extreme as these if the null hypothesis is true

Answer

A p-value represents the probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Question 2

Which type of analysis includes all randomized patients in their originally assigned treatment groups, regardless of protocol adherence?

Accepted Answer

Intention-to-treat analysis

Answer

Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis includes all randomized subjects analyzed in their assigned groups, preserving randomization balance.

Question 3

A 95% confidence interval for a mean difference is (2.1, 8.4). What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

We are 95% confident the true population parameter lies within this interval

Answer

A confidence interval means that 95% of similarly constructed intervals from repeated sampling would contain the true population parameter.

Question 4

When is a Kaplan-Meier curve the most appropriate analytical tool?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing time-to-event data with censored observations

Answer

Kaplan-Meier curves are used to estimate survival functions from time-to-event data that includes censored observations.

Question 5

What does a hazard ratio of 0.70 indicate in a survival analysis?

Accepted Answer

The treatment group has a 30% lower risk of the event at any point in time

Answer

A hazard ratio of 0.70 means the treatment group experiences the event at 70% the rate of the control group, a 30% relative reduction.

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