CCD Safety, Risk Management, & Emergency Procedures 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: During an active shooter situation at camp, which protocol is commonly taught as the preferred response framework?
- Lock, Alert, Flee, Fight (LAFF)
- Run, Hide, Fight (RHF) (Correct answer)
- Stop, Drop, and Roll
- Shelter-in-Place, Notify, Evacuate (SNE)
Correct answer: Run, Hide, Fight (RHF)
Run, Hide, Fight is the widely recommended protocol for active shooter situations, prioritizing escape first, then sheltering, and fighting only as a last resort.
Question 2: A camper with a known bee sting allergy is stung and begins showing signs of anaphylaxis. What is the first-line treatment?
- Administer an oral antihistamine
- Apply a cold compress to the sting site
- Use the camper's prescribed epinephrine auto-injector (Correct answer)
- Have the camper lie down and wait for symptoms to pass
Correct answer: Use the camper's prescribed epinephrine auto-injector
Epinephrine via an auto-injector is the first-line, potentially life-saving treatment for anaphylaxis and must be administered immediately.
Question 3: What is the recommended minimum age and certification for a lifeguard supervising campers at an ACA-accredited waterfront?
- 16 years old with a current American Red Cross Lifeguarding certification (Correct answer)
- 18 years old with any first aid certification
- 15 years old with a CPR certification
- 17 years old with a water safety instructor certification
Correct answer: 16 years old with a current American Red Cross Lifeguarding certification
ACA standards specify that lifeguards must be at least 16 years old and hold a current, recognized lifeguarding certification such as American Red Cross Lifeguarding.
Question 4: Which of the following best describes the 'zone of supervision' concept used at waterfronts?
- A designated area where campers are allowed to swim without direct supervision
- A clearly defined area each lifeguard is solely responsible for scanning and monitoring (Correct answer)
- A color-coded depth zone for different swim ability levels
- A buffer zone between the waterfront and the rest of the camp
Correct answer: A clearly defined area each lifeguard is solely responsible for scanning and monitoring
Zone of supervision means each lifeguard is assigned a specific, non-overlapping area of the waterfront to scan, ensuring complete coverage of all swimmers.
Question 5: A camper sustains a suspected spinal injury after a diving accident. Staff should:
- Carefully carry the camper out of the water to a flat surface
- Keep the camper still in the water, stabilize the head and neck, and call EMS (Correct answer)
- Have the camper slowly walk to shore to avoid further injury
- Apply ice to the neck and transport in a camp vehicle
Correct answer: Keep the camper still in the water, stabilize the head and neck, and call EMS
A suspected spinal injury requires keeping the victim immobile in the water with head and neck stabilized until EMS arrives with proper equipment.
Question 6: When should a camp's emergency action plan (EAP) be reviewed and updated?
- Only when a serious incident occurs
- At least annually and after any significant incident or drill finding (Correct answer)
- Every five years during accreditation renewal
- Only when staff changes require it
Correct answer: At least annually and after any significant incident or drill finding
EAPs should be reviewed at least annually and revised after significant incidents or drill findings to ensure they reflect current conditions and lessons learned.
Question 7: Which of the following is a key characteristic of a proper incident report?
- It includes speculation about who was at fault
- It is completed within 24 hours and contains only factual observations (Correct answer)
- It should be kept from insurers to avoid premium increases
- It is written only for incidents resulting in hospitalization
Correct answer: It is completed within 24 hours and contains only factual observations
A proper incident report is completed promptly (within 24 hours) and contains only factual, objective observations — not opinions or speculation.
CCD Safety, Risk Management, & Emergency Procedures 3
During an active shooter situation at camp, which protocol is commonly taught as the preferred response framework?