CCC Research Methods & Program Evaluation 2

Question 1

In a research study, internal validity is threatened when participants in a control group seek alternative treatments on their own. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

Compensatory rivalry

Answer

Attrition

Answer

Testing effect

Answer

History effect

Question 2

Which sampling method gives every member of a population an equal chance of being selected and is considered the gold standard for representativeness?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Purposive sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Snowball sampling

Question 3

A counselor uses a standardized depression scale before and after a 12-week intervention. This single-group pre-test/post-test design is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

Pre-experimental design

Answer

True experimental design

Answer

Correlational design

Answer

Cross-sectional design

Question 4

Effect size in counseling research is important because it communicates:

Accepted Answer

The practical or clinical magnitude of the difference or relationship

Answer

Whether the null hypothesis was rejected

Answer

The probability that results occurred by chance

Answer

The reliability of the measurement instrument

Question 5

Which qualitative research tradition is most focused on understanding culture, shared beliefs, and behaviors within a specific social group through prolonged observation?

Accepted Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Grounded theory

Answer

Phenomenology

Answer

Narrative inquiry

Question 6

A researcher finds a strong positive correlation (r = .82) between hours spent in counseling and self-reported well-being. The most accurate interpretation is:

Accepted Answer

Hours in counseling and well-being are strongly associated, but causation cannot be determined

Answer

More hours in counseling causes higher well-being

Answer

Well-being causes clients to attend more sessions

Answer

The relationship is weak and unreliable

Question 7

In program evaluation, a logic model is used primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Visually map the relationships among program inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes

Answer

Calculate the statistical power of a study

Answer

Conduct a blind peer review of the program

Answer

Select a random sample of program participants