Research Methods & Program Evaluation Flashcards
7 cards from real CCC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Research Methods & Program Evaluation flashcards as text
A counselor-researcher wants to ensure that a depression inventory consistently measures the same construct across repeated administrations over time. This property is called:
Answer: Test-retest reliability
Test-retest reliability assesses whether a measure produces stable, consistent scores when administered to the same individuals on two or more separate occasions under the same conditions.
When a research study's results can be applied to populations and settings beyond the sample studied, the study is said to have high:
Answer: External validity
External validity refers to the extent to which research findings can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times beyond the specific study conditions.
In action research, the primary goal is to:
Answer: Solve practical problems within a specific context while improving practice
Action research is a cyclical, participatory process in which practitioners investigate and address specific real-world problems in their own settings to improve professional practice.
A researcher reports that an anxiety intervention produced a statistically significant result (p = .03) but an effect size of d = .12. A counselor should interpret this as:
Answer: Statistically significant but practically trivial in magnitude
A Cohen's d of .12 represents a very small effect, indicating the intervention produced a detectable but practically negligible change despite reaching statistical significance, often due to large sample size.
Which type of validity evidence is gathered by examining whether a test's items adequately represent all facets of the construct it is intended to measure?
Answer: Content validity
Content validity is established by expert review of whether a test's items comprehensively and proportionally sample the full domain or construct being measured.
A counseling researcher uses member checking as a trustworthiness strategy. This involves:
Answer: Returning findings to participants to verify accuracy and resonance
Member checking involves sharing preliminary findings or interpretations with participants to verify that the researcher's account accurately reflects their experiences and meanings, enhancing credibility in qualitative research.
In counseling research, the distinction between a Type I error and a Type II error is that:
Answer: Type I rejects a true null hypothesis; Type II fails to reject a false null hypothesis
A Type I error (false positive) occurs when a researcher incorrectly rejects a true null hypothesis, while a Type II error (false negative) occurs when a researcher fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false.