Pain Management and Pharmacology Flashcards
7 cards from real CCAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Pain Management and Pharmacology flashcards as text
When combining gabapentin and opioids for a rehabilitation patient, the primary clinical concern is:
Answer: Additive CNS and respiratory depression
Both gabapentin and opioids cause CNS depression, and their combination can produce additive sedation and respiratory depression requiring dose adjustment.
A feline patient is receiving robenacoxib for post-surgical pain. Compared to meloxicam, robenacoxib is characterized by its:
Answer: Preferential tissue distribution and shorter plasma half-life
Robenacoxib has a short plasma half-life but concentrates in inflamed tissues, providing prolonged local effect while reducing systemic exposure.
The Feline Grimace Scale assesses pain by evaluating action units including:
Answer: Ear position, eye opening, muzzle tension, whisker position, head position
The Feline Grimace Scale evaluates five facial action units: ear position, orbital tightening, muzzle tension, whisker position, and head position.
Local anesthetic toxicity from accidental intravascular injection of bupivacaine in a small dog primarily manifests as:
Answer: Cardiovascular collapse due to cardiac sodium channel blockade
Bupivacaine has high cardiac toxicity when given intravascularly, causing sodium channel blockade that leads to fatal ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
In a rehabilitation setting, which factor most strongly predicts the transition from acute to chronic pain in post-operative patients?
Answer: Inadequate perioperative pain control leading to sensitization
Inadequate acute pain management allows central sensitization to become established, dramatically increasing the likelihood of developing chronic pain states.
Which pharmacological agent is classified as a 'piprant' and represents a novel NSAID mechanism for canine osteoarthritis pain?
Answer: Grapiprant
Grapiprant is a piprant that blocks the EP4 prostaglandin receptor directly rather than inhibiting COX enzymes, potentially offering a better GI and renal safety profile.
A rehabilitation therapist assesses a patient and suspects opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). OIH is characterized by:
Answer: Paradoxical increased pain sensitivity with opioid use
OIH is a paradoxical state where prolonged opioid exposure sensitizes nociceptive pathways, causing increased rather than decreased pain sensitivity.