CAT Anatomy & Kinesiology 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip external rotation?
- Adductors
- Deep six lateral rotators (Correct answer)
- Hamstrings
- Hip flexors
Correct answer: Deep six lateral rotators
The deep six lateral rotators (piriformis, obturator internus/externus, gemelli, quadratus femoris) are the primary hip external rotators.
Question 2: The tibialis anterior muscle performs which two primary actions at the ankle?
- Plantarflexion and eversion
- Dorsiflexion and inversion (Correct answer)
- Plantarflexion and inversion
- Dorsiflexion and eversion
Correct answer: Dorsiflexion and inversion
The tibialis anterior dorsiflexes the foot and inverts it because of its attachment on the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal.
Question 3: Which of the following describes the origin of the biceps femoris long head?
- Ischial tuberosity (Correct answer)
- Femoral linea aspera
- Greater trochanter
- Posterior tibia
Correct answer: Ischial tuberosity
The long head of the biceps femoris originates from the ischial tuberosity, making it a true two-joint muscle.
Question 4: During a push-up, the thoracic spine should ideally remain in which position?
- Flexed throughout
- Neutral with slight natural kyphosis (Correct answer)
- Hyperextended
- Laterally flexed
Correct answer: Neutral with slight natural kyphosis
Maintaining neutral thoracic alignment with natural kyphosis protects spinal structures and optimizes force transfer.
Question 5: The subscapularis muscle performs which primary action at the shoulder?
- External rotation
- Internal rotation (Correct answer)
- Abduction
- Horizontal abduction
Correct answer: Internal rotation
The subscapularis is the only rotator cuff muscle that internally rotates the humerus.
Question 6: Which axis of rotation does internal/external rotation of the hip occur around?
- Frontal axis
- Sagittal axis
- Vertical (longitudinal) axis (Correct answer)
- Transverse axis
Correct answer: Vertical (longitudinal) axis
Hip internal and external rotation occurs around the vertical (longitudinal) axis of the femur.
Question 7: The pes anserine is the combined insertion of which three muscles?
- Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, sartorius
- Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus (Correct answer)
- Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
- Gracilis, adductor longus, pectineus
Correct answer: Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
The pes anserine ('goose's foot') is the conjoined tendon insertion of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus on the medial tibia.
CAT Anatomy & Kinesiology 3
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip external rotation?