Risk Assessment & Management Flashcards
7 cards from real CSC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Risk Assessment & Management flashcards as text
The Framingham Risk Score estimates 10-year risk of which primary cardiovascular endpoint?
Answer: Hard coronary heart disease events (MI and coronary death)
The traditional Framingham Risk Score estimates the 10-year probability of hard coronary heart disease events, specifically myocardial infarction and coronary death.
A 70-year-old patient with stable angina is found to have a SYNTAX score of 34. What does this imply for revascularization strategy?
Answer: CABG is associated with better outcomes than PCI
A SYNTAX score ≥33 (high complexity) indicates that CABG is associated with lower rates of MACE compared to PCI, per ESC/ACC guidelines.
Which perioperative cardiac risk factor carries the GREATEST independent weight in the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI)?
Answer: History of ischemic heart disease
History of ischemic heart disease is one of six equally weighted independent predictors in the RCRI; all six items carry equal weight in the index.
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) values ≤0.80 indicate hemodynamically significant stenosis. What is the clinical implication for risk management?
Answer: Revascularization reduces the risk of future MI and death
FFR-guided revascularization for lesions ≤0.80 has been shown in trials like FAME to reduce major adverse cardiac events compared to medical therapy alone.
Which biomarker has been validated as an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic heart failure beyond BNP/NT-proBNP?
Answer: Galectin-3
Galectin-3 is a validated biomarker of myocardial fibrosis and inflammation independently predictive of cardiovascular mortality in chronic heart failure.
In the risk stratification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which finding MOST strongly supports ICD implantation for primary prevention?
Answer: Two or more major SCD risk factors (e.g., family history, syncope, NSVT, massive LVH)
ACC/AHA HCM guidelines recommend ICD for primary prevention when patients have two or more major risk factors, or when a single factor confers very high individual risk.
Statin therapy is most strongly indicated for primary prevention in a patient whose pooled cohort equation estimates a 10-year ASCVD risk of:
Answer: 12%
The 2019 ACC/AHA guidelines recommend discussing statin therapy for primary prevention when the estimated 10-year ASCVD risk is ≥10%, making 12% a clear indication.