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Research & Evidence-Based Practice Flashcards

7 cards from real CSC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Research & Evidence-Based Practice flashcards as text

  1. Which component of the PICO framework identifies the patient group for a clinical research question about atrial fibrillation management?

    Answer: P — Population/Problem

    The 'P' in PICO stands for Population or Problem, defining the specific patient group of interest in the clinical question.

  2. A study reports a hazard ratio of 0.72 (95% CI 0.55–0.94) for cardiovascular death with a novel anticoagulant. What does crossing 1.0 imply for statistical significance?

    Answer: The result would not be statistically significant

    If the 95% CI for a ratio measure crosses 1.0, the result is not statistically significant at p < 0.05.

  3. In which phase of a clinical trial is the primary goal to determine the optimal dose and safety profile of a new cardiac drug?

    Answer: Phase II

    Phase II trials focus on dose optimization and preliminary efficacy and safety in a larger group after initial safety is established in Phase I.

  4. A systematic review of cardiac resynchronization therapy studies uses funnel plot asymmetry. What is being assessed?

    Answer: Publication bias

    Funnel plot asymmetry is used to detect publication bias, where smaller negative studies may be underreported.

  5. Which study design is considered the gold standard for establishing causality in cardiac pharmacotherapy research?

    Answer: Randomized controlled trial

    The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard because randomization controls for known and unknown confounders.

  6. A cardiologist reads that a new device has a sensitivity of 90% for detecting paroxysmal AF. A patient tests negative. Which term describes the probability the patient truly does not have AF?

    Answer: Negative predictive value

    Negative predictive value (NPV) is the probability that a patient with a negative test result truly does not have the disease.

  7. In Sackett's original EBP model, which three elements must be integrated for optimal clinical decisions in cardiology?

    Answer: Best evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values

    Sackett defined EBP as the integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and preferences.