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Drug Information and Literature Evaluation Flashcards

6 cards from real CAOP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Drug Information and Literature Evaluation flashcards as text

  1. A study reports a p-value of 0.03. What does this mean?

    Answer: There is a 3% chance of observing the results by chance if the null hypothesis is true

    A p-value of 0.03 means there is a 3% probability of observing results at least this extreme if the null hypothesis were true.

  2. Which bias occurs when sicker patients are more likely to receive the intervention being studied?

    Answer: Confounding by indication

    Confounding by indication occurs when the reason for prescribing a drug is also associated with the outcome, distorting the apparent treatment effect.

  3. What is the number needed to treat (NNT) if the absolute risk reduction is 5%?

    Answer: 20

    NNT = 1 ÷ ARR = 1 ÷ 0.05 = 20, meaning 20 patients must be treated to prevent one additional adverse event.

  4. Which secondary drug information source indexes biomedical literature and helps locate primary studies?

    Answer: MEDLINE (PubMed)

    MEDLINE (accessed via PubMed) is a bibliographic database that indexes primary biomedical literature and is classified as a secondary resource.

  5. When critically evaluating a clinical trial, which element best assesses internal validity?

    Answer: Sample size calculation and randomization method

    Proper randomization and an a priori sample size calculation are fundamental to reducing bias and ensuring the study's internal validity.

  6. A pharmacist receives a question about a drug not available in the US. Which resource would be MOST useful?

    Answer: Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference

    Martindale covers drugs available worldwide, including those not approved in the US, making it the best resource for international drug inquiries.