CANADIAN Cheat Sheet 2026

The 30 highest-yield CANADIAN facts, distilled from real exam questions. Print it, save it as a PDF, or study it here — free, no sign-up.

1. Which province has the second largest river system on North America's Atlantic coastline? → New Brunswick
2. Which Ontario city served as the capital of Upper Canada before Toronto (then called York) assumed that role? → Niagara-on-the-Lake
3. In what year did Ontario become a province at Confederation? → 1867
4. When did Newfoundland and Labrador join Canada as its tenth province? → 1949
5. What is the largest city in Quebec by population? → Montreal
6. Which BC community is known as the 'Halibut Capital of the World'? → Campbell River
7. What type of government does Canada have? → Federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
8. What region of Canada is Saskatchewan located in? → Prairie Provinces
9. What body of water separates Prince Edward Island from the mainland? → Gulf of St. Lawrence
10. The Canadian Horse was officially proclaimed Canada's national breed by federal legislation in which year? → 2002
11. Who have major responsibilities on First Nations reserves? → Everyone who lives in his or her electoral district.
12. Which flower is the symbol of Remembrance Day in Canada? → A red poppy
13. Which right ensures that an accused person in Canada is tried within a reasonable time? → Section 11(b) — the right to be tried within a reasonable time
14. Who was the previous Governor General of Canada? → Julie Payette
15. Name three additional rights protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. → Mobility rights, Multiculturalism, and Aboriginal Peoples' rights.
16. Which economic activity is associated with the territory of Nunavut and the North? → Mining and resource extraction
17. Ontario's lieutenant governor has the constitutional authority to refuse royal assent to a provincial bill. What is this rarely-used power called? → Reservation
18. What is the minimum voting age for Canadian citizens in federal elections? → 18 years old
19. How many seats are in the Canadian House of Commons as of recent redistributions? → 343
20. Under the Constitution Act, 1867, which level of government has exclusive jurisdiction over 'Indians, and Lands reserved for the Indians'? → Federal government
21. Which province lies directly west of New Brunswick? → Quebec
22. What is the main federal agency responsible for promoting Canadian exports abroad? → Export Development Canada
23. Which province is the second smallest by area but still larger than PEI? → Nova Scotia
24. When was current day's Canada flag raised? → 1965
25. Under which specific piece of federal legislation was the beaver officially proclaimed a symbol of Canada's sovereignty? → The National Symbol of Canada Act (1975)
26. Who appoints the Supreme Court of Canada's justices? → Governor General
27. Where does the inspiration for the term Dominion of Canada come from? → The Bible
28. Who has the right to run as a candidate in federal elections? → Any Canadian citizen who is at least 18 years old.
29. Which mountain range forms the backbone of British Columbia's interior? → Rocky Mountains
30. Which river is central to New Brunswick's geography and history? → Saint John River