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Orthography and Spelling Rules Flashcards

7 cards from real CALT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Orthography and Spelling Rules flashcards as text

  1. A student writes 'waching' instead of 'watching.' Which orthographic concept explains the correct spelling?

    Answer: The 'tch' trigraph follows a short vowel

    The trigraph '-tch' is used to spell /tʃ/ immediately after a short vowel in a one-syllable word, mirroring the '-ck' and '-dge' conventions.

  2. Which syllable type is found in the first syllable of 'robot'?

    Answer: Open syllable

    An open syllable ends in a vowel that is typically long; 'ro-' ends in the vowel 'o,' making it an open syllable with the long /oʊ/ sound.

  3. The word 'psychology' begins with a silent 'p.' From which language does this spelling pattern originate?

    Answer: Greek

    The 'ps-' onset for the /s/ sound comes from Greek roots, as seen in 'psyche,' 'pterodactyl,' and 'pneumonia.'

  4. When adding '-ing' to 'run,' the correct form is 'running.' Which feature of 'run' triggers consonant doubling?

    Answer: It is a one-syllable word with one short vowel and one final consonant

    The 1-1-1 rule applies: one syllable, one short vowel, one final consonant — the 'n' doubles before the vowel suffix '-ing.'

  5. Which of the following words contains a vowel digraph (vowel team) where two vowels together represent one long vowel sound?

    Answer: boat

    'Boat' contains the vowel team 'oa,' which represents the long /oʊ/ sound; 'coin,' 'boy,' and 'loud' contain diphthongs, not single long vowel sounds.

  6. A CALT student consistently misspells words with the schwa vowel. Which instructional strategy is MOST appropriate?

    Answer: Teach morphological spelling — connecting the schwa vowel to related words with a stressed form

    Relating schwa-vowel spellings to morphologically related words where the vowel is stressed (e.g., 'compete → competition') is the most effective strategy for accurate schwa spelling.

  7. Which of the following represents a correct application of the 'y-to-i' spelling rule?

    Answer: 'carry' + '-ed' = 'carried'

    The y-to-i rule applies when a word ends in a consonant + y; the y changes to i before any suffix except '-ing' (e.g., 'carry → carried,' 'carry → carrying').