Orthography and Spelling Rules Flashcards

Which spelling rule explains why 'hop' becomes 'hopping' but 'hope' becomes 'hoping'?

Answer: The doubling rule (1-1-1 rule)

The 1-1-1 doubling rule states that a final consonant is doubled before a vowel suffix when the word has one syllable, one short vowel, and one final consonant; 'hope' has a long vowel due to the silent e, so no doubling occurs.

The word 'badge' ends in '-dge'. Which phoneme does this digraph represent?

Answer: /dʒ/

The trigraph '-dge' represents the /dʒ/ phoneme and is used after a short vowel at the end of a one-syllable word.

A student spells 'knit' as 'nit.' Which orthographic concept should be taught to address this error?

Answer: Silent letter patterns

The silent 'k' before 'n' is a silent letter pattern (kn-) inherited from Old English, where both letters were once pronounced.

Which of the following is an example of a closed syllable?

Answer: 'sit'

A closed syllable ends in a consonant and contains a short vowel; 'sit' fits this pattern perfectly.

The suffix '-tion' is added to 'act' to form 'action.' What type of morpheme is '-tion'?

Answer: Derivational suffix

Derivational suffixes change the grammatical category or meaning of a base word; '-tion' changes the verb 'act' into the noun 'action.'

When teaching the spelling of /k/ at the end of a word, which rule determines whether to use '-ck' or '-k'?

Answer: Use '-ck' after a short vowel in a one-syllable word

The '-ck' spelling follows immediately after a short vowel in a one-syllable word (e.g., 'duck,' 'stick'), while '-k' is used after a consonant or long vowel.

In the word 'station,' the 'ti' represents which sound?

Answer: /ʃ/

The letter combination 'ti' before an unstressed vowel (as in '-tion,' '-tial,' '-tious') produces the /ʃ/ sound, a common spelling pattern for that phoneme.