Automotive Systems and Terminology Flashcards

What distinguishes a 'CVT' (Continuously Variable Transmission) from a traditional automatic transmission?

Answer: A CVT provides an infinite range of gear ratios using a belt and pulley system rather than fixed gear steps

A CVT uses a variable-diameter pulley and belt system to provide seamless, stepless gear ratio changes across a continuous range, unlike fixed-ratio automatic transmissions.

When evaluating a vehicle with a damaged 'subframe,' what concern does this raise for a loss adjuster?

Answer: The subframe is a major structural component that mounts the engine, transmission, and suspension, so damage may indicate significant hidden structural issues

The subframe (or cradle) is a critical structural member that supports the powertrain and suspension; damage to it can indicate severe structural compromise and affect repairability.

What is 'brake fade,' and when is it most likely to occur?

Answer: A reduction in braking effectiveness due to heat buildup in the braking system, common after repeated hard stops

Brake fade occurs when excessive heat reduces friction between pads and rotors or causes brake fluid to vaporize, significantly reducing stopping power.

A damaged vehicle has a destroyed 'front impact bar' (also called a bumper reinforcement bar). What is its primary safety function?

Answer: To distribute and absorb low-speed impact energy before it reaches the vehicle frame rails

The bumper reinforcement bar is a rigid beam behind the bumper cover designed to absorb and spread low-speed collision energy across its width before reaching structural frame rails.

In automotive terminology, what is a 'direct injection' fuel system?

Answer: A system that injects fuel directly into the combustion chamber at high pressure

Direct injection (GDI/DISI) sprays fuel at very high pressure directly into the combustion chamber rather than the intake port, improving efficiency and power.

What does the 'MSRP' of a vehicle represent, and how is it used in total loss evaluations?

Answer: Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price; the original sticker price used as a baseline reference for vehicle valuation

MSRP is the manufacturer's suggested retail price (sticker price) and serves as a historical reference point in total loss valuations, though actual market value is used for settlement.

Which type of 4-wheel drive system automatically distributes torque between front and rear axles without driver input?

Answer: Full-time AWD (All-Wheel Drive) with an active center differential

Full-time AWD systems use an active center differential or multi-plate clutch to automatically vary torque distribution between axles based on traction conditions without driver intervention.